Cancer of the pancreas (ICD-9 157)

There was relatively little geographical variation except the low rates in the easternmost part of the area under study. Mortality was almost the same as incidence, actually even a bit higher in several countries.

Age curves in all areas were most similar to the ages of 70. Thereafter, the incidence declined in post-socialistic countries.

Smoking is consistently shown to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, but the association is weak. There are no other confirmed risk factors which could have any population attributable effect. In accordance to this, there is almost no variation between the areas in Northern Europe.